Neutron Courses: Exploring matter with Neutrons Encyclopedia CD-ROM

'Exploring matter with Neutrons' multimedia encyclopedia

Multimedia Education and Courses in Nanotechnology

	Neutron Courses: Exploring matter with Neutrons multimedia encyclopedia - 2nd edition Table of Contents

Neutrons explained in:

1300
interactive pages!

more than 2400 pictures!

over 1000 animations!

130
movies!

Exploring matter with Neutrons presents examples from cutting-edge research happening inside research facilities and research labs world-wide, enriched with scientific and historical background information for educational purpose.

The 2nd edition, launched in November 2005, has 40% more content and many improvements! The encyclopedia reflects more then 20 man/years' work in 6 years, being continuously updated, verified and validated by neutron and education experts.

The scientific content of the Nanopolis encyclopedias is continuously updated in order to keep you connected to the most recent and important accomplishments in the field.

Enjoy the discovery of Neutron Science!

The neutron	Identity card	Photo Name Born on Residence Legal status Profession Family Size Mass Electric charge Electric dipolar momentum Spin Magnetic momentum Zoology Anatomy Birth and death Wave-corpuscule duality Neutron calculation
	Wave-particle duality	Corpuscule Wave Quantic particles
	Story of neutron science	Ancient times Scientific approach to atomic theory Discovering atom components Fathoming the atom nucleus Neutron age: the pioneers Neutron age: modern times
Neutrons and states of matter	Atoms	Nucleus Electrons Periodical table Isotopes Radioactivity Nuclear reactions Chemical reactions
	Bonds	Covalent bond Ionic bond Metallic bond Hydrogen bond Van der Waals forces Dipole-dipole interaction
	States of matter	Gas and vapors Liquid Amorphous solids Crystalline solids Soft matter Liquid crystal Quasicrystal Nanocrystal
	Structure of matter	Gases Liquids Amorphous solids Crystalline solids
	Dynamics of matter	Individual movements Collective movements Movements viewed with neutrons Neutrons measurements
	Phase transitions	What is a phase transition? The diversity of phase transitions Survey of changes in the state of matter
A little physics	Internal movements	Molecular vibrations Colective movements Localized movements Long range movements
	Magnetism	Atomic magnetic moments Magnetic orders Magnetic diffraction Magnetic domains Magnets and coercitive fields Magnetic excitations
	Nuclear Physics	The neutron ignores the nuclei The neutron bounces back from matter The neutron transfers/acquires energy The neutron is captured by the nucleus
Materials	Colloids Polymers Thin layers
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	High flux sources	Nuclear reactors	How does it work? Production of electricity High neutron fluxes Isotope production Technological radiation
		Secondary sources	Hot neutron sources Cold neutron sources Ultra-cold neutron sources
		Spalation sources	The spallation process Cyclotron accelerator sources Synchrotron accelerator sources Specific applications
		Evolution of high flux sources
	Transportable sources	Isotopic sources Sealed tube generators
		Linear accelerators	Generator with removable target Deuteron-triton source High power commercial sources
		Cyclotrons Main fields of application
	Natural sources	Emission from rocks Natural reactors Cosmic neutrons
	Sources of the future	Controlled fusion New generation spallation sources Accelerator assisted fission
	Miscellaneous	Nuclear weapons Neutron stars Cold fusion
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For the study of matter	Neutron activation analysis	Principles and characteristics Measurement stages Application fields
	Transmission imaging	Neutron radiography Real-time neutron radiography Neutron tomography Phase-contrast Topography Autoradiography induced by neutron capture
	Diffraction	Principle Young slits and interference Crystal diffraction Powder diffraction Reflection intensity From intensities to structure Magnetic diffraction Diffraction history Advantages of neutrons Nuclear diffraction Approached problems Techniques Structural analysis •Single crystals •Polycrystalline materials •Fibers •Liquids and amorphous materials •Small-angle diffraction •Single crystal diffuse scattering Characterization techniques •Topography •Textures •Residual stress Magnetic diffraction Approached problems Techniques Microscopic structure - unpolarized neutrons •Magnetic powder diffraction •Magnetic single crystal diffraction •Diffraction of disordered magnetic systems •Diffuse magnetic scattering Microscopic structure - polarized neutrons •Neutron polarization •Flipping ratio method •Polarization analysis •Diffuse magnetic scattering Macroscopic structure •Magnetic topography
	Small-angle scattering	How does this work? Complementary X rays-neutrons Rheology Instruments Applications Biology Polymers Colloids Metallurgy Materials Vortex structures in superconductors
	Inelastic scattering	Principle Why use neutrons? Spectrometers Fields of applications
	Quasielastic scattering	What is quasielastic scattering? Why neutrons? Tools Application fields
	Reflectometry	Surfaces and interfaces Principle of reflectometry Why neutrons? Instruments
	Spin echo	Principle Elements of a spin echo spectrometer Resonant spin echo Application fields
	Isotopic substitution	How to use this? Contrast methods Multiple substitution In vivo deuteration
	Neutron holography	Towards the atomic resolution What can be done with neutrons? Atoms viewed by neutrons
For fundamental physics	Recoil spectrometry	Why neutrons? Neutron recoil spectrometer PN1 instrument principle Application fields
	Gamma spectrometry	Gamma spectrometer GAMS spectrometer Double-cystal gamma spectrometer Laser interferometer
	GRID, the atom billiards	A special kind of billiards Atomic recoil and secondary photons Atomic force probe Gamma spectrum-direction of observation Interpreting the measurement Doppler-shift and emission probability
Sample environment	Low temperatures	Cold? It is relative! Cryostats Did you know ...? Neutrons and low temperatures
	High temperatures	High temperature ? It is relative! Furnaces for neutron spectrometers Neutrons and high temperatures Did you know this?
	High pressures	The effect of pressure Pressure cells
	High magnetic fields	The effect of magnetic fields Cryomagnets
Neutron optics	Methods	Refractive index Wavelength/Speed/Energy Gravitational effects Polarization
	Optical components	Mirrors Guides Collimators Monochromators Focusing systems Polarizers and analyzers
	Special devices	Neutrons and light Neutron interferometry Neutron microscope Neutron holography
Neutron detection	Detection process	Trajectory Neutron conversion
Neutron detection	Detector types	Neutron counters Integrating detectors Position sensitive counters Detector assemblies Multidetectors
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Fundamental physics	Exotic nuclei Nuclear vibrations Weighing photons to weigh the neutron
	Neutron lifetime	Various measurement techniques Measurement with a neutron bottle
	Inertial mass and gravitational mass Neutrons and atomic potentials Quantum states of matter and gravitation Neutron electic-dipole momentum
Structural biology	Biological complexes in solution	Ribosome Muscle Protein folding machine
	Crystalline structure at low resolution	The method Why neutrons? A few examples Lipovitellin, the pantry of the egg Porin, the buttonhole of the cellular membrane
	High-resolution structure	Proteins Three-dimensional structure Neutron diffraction Proteins and water Where are the hydrogen atoms?
	Biological fibres Protein dynamics
Chemistry of the solid state	Zeolites C60 and fullerenes
	Carbon nanotubes	Nanotubes and nano-technologies Nanotube diversity Production Potential applications Nanotubes and neutrons Structural characterization Shape change Molecular dynamics Hydrogen storage
Magnetism	Viewing helimagnetic domains Viewing antiferromagnetic domains Magnetic helix The screaming crystal Crystal vibration imaging Giant and colossal magnetoresistance Superconductor vortices
	Molecular magnets	What can polarized neutrons see? Neutron contribution Model systems
Soft matter	Discotic liquid crystals Thin layers and membranes
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Metallurgy and materials	Molded magnets Non-destructive control of bulk materials Non-destructive crystal control
	Neutron and nanosciences	Atomic structure Atomic motion Magnetism Nanoparticles
	The secrets of an old spoon
Medicine	Boron Neutron Capture Theraphy	The medical problem The neutron approach The experiment Out-of-body therapy History
	Boosted fast neutron radiotheraphy Neutron radiography Hyperpolarized helium-3 medical imaging Bone strength
Metrology	Gravitational constant Avogadro's number Lifespan of free neutrons Bi-polar electrical momentum Residual stress standard
Soft matter	Soft paper Coppolymers
	Neutrons and pneumatics	Rubber and pneumatics Optimizing quality Resistance to movement Adherence to wet soil Why neutrons?
	Industrials fibers	Self-propagating high- temperature synthesis In situ neutron study
Chemistry	Ceramics synthesis	Neutron fiber diffraction The new structural model In situ neutron study
	Batteries	Why are alkaline batteries not rechargeable ? More powerful, less polluting batteries Neutron measurements Structural transforms Measurement cell Powder diffraction pattern D20 diffractometer
	Was Napoleon assassinated? Chemistry of the Pharaoh's make-up
	Study and appraisal of old paintings	The painting seen in visible light X-ray radiography Contribution of neutrons
Earth, planets, meteorites	Texture and geology	A typical geological problem Rock memory Why neutrons? Quantitative texture analysis Earth sciences and neutrons Texture analysis of ores
	Stones and fossiles Ice surface and polluters Surprising hydrates Polar ice texture Polar ice and meteorites Space ice
	Mars and neutrons!	Is there water on Mars? The magnetism of Mars
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Civil and military nuclear energy	Electro-nuclear power plants Nuclear-powered ships Space propulsion Nuclear-powered aircrafts
Imaging and quality control	Neutron radiography	Testing pyrotehnical components Imaging of complex devices Testing composite materials Detection of cracks, cavities and inclusions Water penetration into materials Nuclear and military applications
	Real-time neutron radiography	Fluid flow inside a refrigerator Fluid flow inside car mechanics
	Neutron tomography	Technological objects Material testing
Technological irradiations	Production of isotopes and radioisotopes Accelerated material ageing
	Controlled material transformation	Creating defects Transmutation
	Electronic component testing Neutron depth profiling
Non-destructive chemical analysis	Continuous analysis Nuclear waste analysis
	Explosive and drug detection	Clearing mines Old ammunition inspection Luggage inspection Car inspection Truck and container inspection Ship inspection
Neutrons and medicine	Radioisotopes	Nuclear medicine Radioisotopes from nuclear reactors A brief history of nuclear medicine
	Fast neutron radiotherapy In situ activated self-radiotherapy
Metallurgy and materials	Residual stress	Weld examination A new welding technique Railway tracks Car brakes Car crankshafts Aircraft jet engine blades Computer model validation Composite materials
	Textures	Fe-50%Ni allays Ceramic composites Shape retaining allays Other texture measurements
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Institut Laue-Langevin, France

Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, USA

ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, Great Britain

GKSS Forschungszentrum, Germany

Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany

Hahn-Meitner Institut, Germany

Laboratoire Leon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), France

Included in the Business version only

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